Landscape Definition in Human Geography

In the field of human geography, landscape definition is a crucial concept that refers to the study of the physical environment and its relationship with human activity. The term 'landscape' was first coined by German geographer Albrecht Penck in the late 19th century, who defined it as 'the totality of natural and cultural factors that shape the earth's surface.'

Over time, landscape definition has evolved to encompass a broader range of perspectives, including geomorphology, landmass classification, and morphogenetic regions. According to Waibel (1928), a landscape is not just a physical entity but also a product of human activity, shaped by cultural, social, and economic factors.

In his book 'A Synthetic Method of Determining Geographical Regions,' Friedrich (1916) proposed a method for classifying landscapes based on their genetic characteristics, such as terrain, climate, and vegetation. This approach was later developed further by other geographers, including Passarge (1919-1921), who emphasized the importance of understanding the dynamic relationship between natural and cultural factors in shaping the landscape.

The concept of landscape definition has also been influenced by theories of human-environment interaction. For example, Linton (1931) argued that humans have a profound impact on the environment, which in turn shapes their culture and society. This perspective is reflected in the work of geographers such as Schwenkel (1957), who emphasized the importance of understanding the reciprocal relationship between humans and the landscape.

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the role of human activity in shaping the landscape. For example, overgrazing has removed the grass cover and/or damaged the soil, leading to changes in land use and habitat loss (Krebs, 1938). Similarly, agricultural practices have had a significant impact on the environment, with some studies suggesting that they are responsible for up to 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions (Hassinger, 1933).

In conclusion, landscape definition is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses both physical and human factors. By understanding these factors, geographers can better appreciate the dynamic relationship between humans and the environment, which is essential for sustainable development and environmental conservation.

References:

Biasutti, R. (1962). Il Paesaggio Terrestre. Torino: Unione Topografica.

Friedrich, F. (1916). A Synthetic Method of Determining Geographical Regions. London.

Gallois, L. (1908). Régions naturelles et noms de pays. Paris.

Hartshorne, R. (1939). The Nature of Geography. Lancaster, Pa.

Krebs, N. (1938). Le concept paysage dans la géographie humaine (report on eight papers) C.R.

Linton, D. L. (1931). Man's Influence on the Earth. London: Butterworth.

Passarge, S. (1919-1921). Die Grundlagen der Landschaftskunde. Vols.

Schwenkel, H. (1957). Die Landschaft als Natur und Menschenwerk. Stuttgart.

Waibel, L. (1928). Beitrag zur Landschaftskunde. Geograph. F., 1948, A World Survey from the Human Aspect, London.

Landscape definition human geography